Joint determination of orbits of spacecraft and moons of Mars by optical sighting of the moons

Scanning optical system to provide attitude and trajectory of unmanned spacecraft during orbit about Mar

Residual Stresses in Layered Manufacturing

Layered Manufacturing processes accumulate residual stresses during materialbuildup. These stresses may cause part warping and layer delamination. This paper presents work done on investigating residual stress accumulation andp(i,rt distortion of Layered Manufactured artifacts. A simple analyticaLmodel was developed and used to determine how the number of layers and the layer thickness influences part warping. Resllits show that thin layers produce lower part deflection as compared with depositing fewer and thicker layers. In addition to the analytical work, a finite element model wasdeveloped and used to illvestigate the deposition pattern's influence on. the part deflection. Finite element model and corresponding experimental analysis showed that the geometry of the deposition pattern significantly affects the resulting part distortion. This finite element model was also used to investigate an inter-layer surface defect,. known as the Christmas Thee Step, that is associated with Shape Deposition Manufacturing. Results indicate that the features of this defect are influenced only by the material deposited close. to the part·surface and the particular material deposited. The step is not affected by the deposition pattern.Mechanical Engineerin

Feasibility study of scanning celestial attitude determination system SCADS for small scientific spacecraft S sup 3 Final report

Scanning celestial attitude determination system for small scientific satellite

Feasibility study for a scanning celestial attitude determination system SCADS on the IMP spacecraft Final report

System design analysis to establish feasibility of using electro-optical celestial scanning sensor on IMP spacecraft for determination of spacecraft attitude by star measurement

Monitoring of the fatigue state of single-lip deep-drilled specimens made of the quenched and tempered steel AISI 4140 using micromagnetic methods

Fatigue is one of the main causes for the failure of technical components. Therefore, the monitoring of fatigue-related material degradation is a target-oriented way to extend the lifetime of safety-relevant components. In terms of sustainability and resource conservation, the implementation of reliable fatigue monitoring is of crucial importance. Fatigue damage is manifested by a variety of microstructural and micromechanical property changes such as grain refinement, relaxation of residual stresses, increase of dislocation density and hardness change. An application of micromagnetic techniques is very promising, since it is known that Barkhausen noise analysis and eddy current testing are sensitive to these parameters. This work deals with the separation of the micromagnetic parameters with respect to fatigue-induced changes. This separation is necessary to identify, quantify and evaluate the relevant fatigue damage mechanisms and thereby assess the remaining lifetime of the monitored components. In this work, multiple amplitude fatigue tests were performed on specimens drilled under different conditions and as a consequence partly feature a white etching layer. Under these aspects the capability of Barkhausen noise analysis and eddy current testing was compared and assessed

Functional Relaxation and Guided Imagery as Complementary Therapy in Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Asthma is a frequently disabling and almost invariably distressing disease that has a high overall prevalence. Although relaxation techniques and hypnotherapeutic interventions have proven their effectiveness in numerous trials, relaxation therapies are still not recommended in treatment guidelines due to a lack of methodological quality in many of the trials. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficacy of the brief relaxation technique of functional relaxation (FR) and guided imagery (GI) in adult asthmatics in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: 64 patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma were treated over a 4-week period and assessed at baseline, after treatment and after 4 months, for follow-up. 16 patients completed FR, 14 GI, 15 both FR and GI (FR/GI) and 13 received a placebo relaxation technique as the control intervention (CI). The forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1) as well as the specific airway resistance (sR(aw)) were employed as primary outcome measures. Results: Participation in FR, GI and FR/GI led to increases in FEV 1 (% predicted) of 7.6 +/- 13.2, 3.3 +/- 9.8, and 8.3 +/- 21.0, respectively, as compared to -1.8 +/- 11.1 in the CI group at the end of the therapy. After follow-up, the increases in FEV 1 were 6.9 +/- 10.3 in the FR group, 4.4 +/- 7.3 in the GI and 4.5 +/- 8.1 in the FR/GI, compared to -2.8 +/- 9.2 in the CI. Improvements in sR(aw) (% predicted) were in keeping with the changes in FEV 1 in all groups. Conclusions: Our study confirms a positive effect of FR on respiratory parameters and suggests a clinically relevant long-term benefit from FR as a nonpharmacological and complementary therapy treatment option. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Base

Feasibility study for a Scanning Celestial Attitude Determination System /SCADS/ for three axis attitude determination at a Command and Data Acquisition /CDA/ station Final report

Scanning Celestial Attitude Determination System /SCADS/ for three axis attitude determination at Command and Data Acquisition /CDA/ statio

Optimization of an Alkylpolyglucoside-Based Dishwashing Detergent Formulation.

The aim of this work was to formulate and optimize the washing performance of an alkylpolyglucoside-based dishwashing detergent. The liquid detergent was formulated with five ingredients of commercial origin: anionic (linear sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate and sodium laurylethersulfate), nonionic (C12–C14 alkylpolyglucoside) and zwitterionic (a fatty acid amide derivative with a betaine structure) surfactants, and NaCl for viscosity control. In addition to the plate test, other properties were investigated including ‘‘cloud point’’, viscosity, and emulsion stability. Statistical analysis software was used to generate a central composite experimental design. Then, a second order design and analysis of experiments approach, known as the Response Surface Methodology, was set up to investigate the effects of the five components of the formulation on the studied properties in the region covering plausible component ranges. The method proved to be efficient for locating the domains of concentrations where the desired properties were met

Biological and molecular characterization of two Brazilian isolates of Apple stem grooving virus.

Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV, genus Capillovirus) is disseminated worldwide, usually causing a latent infection in most commercial apple cultivars. However, infected scions grafted onto sensitive material display reduction of yield, loss of fruit quality and tree decline. In Brazil ASGV is associated with severe phloem necrosis, xylem pitting and decline of apple trees on Maruba-kaido (Malus prunifolia cv. Ringo) rootstocks usually in a complex with other latent viruses. Two Brazilian ASGV isolates from a mixed infection causing differing reactions on apple cv. Fuji on Maruba-kaido rootstocks, i.e., normal growth vs. tree decline, have been completely sequenced. The differing intensity of symptoms they co-induced on several woody indicator species/cultivars are indicative of biological differences between the two inocula. Their nucleotide sequences are 92.2% identical and display between 79.2% and 97.1% identity with other ASGV isolates available in GenBank. The two isolates (M219-3 and M220) shared 92.3% deduced amino acid (daa) sequence identity for ORF1, 95.3% for ORF2 and 93.3% for the CP gene. A high degree of daa identity, 95.8% and 96.6%, was ob- served between the CPs of M219 ? 3 and M220, respectively, with the Brazilian isolate UV01. Potential recombination events and phy logenetic relationships to major parents were investigated in isolates M219 ? 3and M220. Keywords ASGV . Apple virus . Phylogenetic analysis . Recombinatio